At the same time, a million children are born in poverty each year in the U.S. Careful evaluations show decent (seven to ten percent according to James Heckman) returns for strategic interventions targeted on these children and their families. Pay for Success, funded by Social Impact Bonds, are a means for controlling the risks associated with these interventions. Providers are paid only if results are achieved. Investors experience with PFS during the last five years in Great Britain and elsewhere have encouraged two statewide efforts (South Carolina and Connecticut) in the United States.